Evaluation and comparison of lubricant properties in minimum quantity lubrication machining bruce l. Making technically accurate baseline lubricant selection decisions without exacting mathematical expressions. This handbook establishes design guides for selection of suitable lubricant fluids and compounds, which conform to approved specifications, as required by milstd838. The initial charge of grease depends on the amount required for a full pack of the individual bearing and the operating speed.
Oils that operate over a wide temperature range need vi improvers. Today, this approach is no longer viable due to the requirements of the current demanding environments to run faster, longer and hotter. Specific guidance is given regarding the appropriate selection of lubricants for a wide range of uses. Wick lubrication has also been proposed as a means of increasing the lubricant supply 11. Issue 1 april 2017 an introduction to bestpractice lubrication procedures in the food industry. In the past, the lubrication requirements for a specific application could be satisfied by using generalpurpose lubricants. Oems design and build machines for general types of service. Selecting lubricants based on specifications machinery lubrication. Contrary to the other substances covered here, penetrating oils are not designed for longlasting.
Oil is normally classified by viscosity grade, additives, use, or by the producers. Various stamping lubricants were tested in forming of dp590 ga round cup samples. The wide range of tools available includes those from easytouse application driven tables to advanced software allowing for grease selection based upon detailed working conditions. The most common boundary lubricants are probably greases. For many applications, the selection of a lubricant is not critical and a wide variety of lubricants could work satisfactorily. Chesterton thread lubricant selection guide product kf max temp water ph oil steam alloy 710 0.
Evaluation of stamping lubricants in forming advanced high. Turbine oils need good demulsibility while wheel bearing greases need emulsibility. The emphasis is on practical applications, and to this end there is specific guidance to the selection of lubricants for a wide range of uses. When the temperature increase must be limited, as with the main spindle of a machine tool, ntn recommends the use of a syntheticoilbased grease. Milhdbk275a guide for selection of lubricants, fluids.
Soft polymer surfaces may rely more heavily on low viscosity lubricants whereas metals can easily use much higher viscosity lubricants. New lubricant selection recommendations and information for. Cirpacpc a grease is a semisolid liquid that consists of a liquid lubricant mixed with a thickener. Thread lubricant selection areas of high stress areas of high stress, shown in red, require use of thread lubricants. This system may be part of an overall lubricant selection initiative as illustrated above. Boundary lubrication the oil film has become so thin in zone 1 that there is no hydrodynamic contribution and only boundary lubrication which is defined by campbell in 1969 as the lubrication by a liquid under. Grease for initial installation selection of lubricants. Using the mobil refrigeration lubricant selection guide for industrial systems to help determine the appropriate refrigeration lubricant required for your system, use our mobilbranded. Selection of suitable cutting fluids the selection of cutting fluids in machining processes depends on various factors. Beside topquality mineral oilbased lubricants for the marine industry, we offer a comprehensive range of synthetic highperformance speciality lubricants which contribute to increased efficiency of marine equipment. P art i of this article provided a basic introduction to grease, with discussions of composition, types, properties and evaluation tests. With the variety of factors that can impact lubricant film formation and effectiveness, it is to the practitioners benefit to follow a lubricant selection process that is objective, repeatable and based on widely recognized engineering practices and principles. Lubricant viscosity decreases dramatically with increasing temperature loglog x relationship viscosity index v.
Guidelines for selecting lubricants for plain and element bearings, gears and hydraulic systems. Always consult your owners manual for proper lubricant selection. Lubrication and lubricant selection, third edition ar. Study material includes the selection of lubricants, their specific place of application, methods of using oil and grease lubrication, different lubrication equipments, etc. All the effort applied to clean delivery and handling, filtration, dehydration, alignment, balancing, etc. Lubricant service designations for automotive manual transmissions, manual transaxles, and axles 1 introduction this document was prepared by the lubricants group of the american petroleum institute to assist manufacturers and users of automotive equipment in the selection of transmission, transaxle, and axle lubricants for the operating. Mnl59 astm international 100 barr harbor drive po box c700 west conshohocken, pa 194282959 printed in the u.
Lubrication, a practical guide to lubricant selection in. This unique, new astm manual is written from the perspectives of both chemists and lubrication engineers, and therefore places equal emphasis on the chemistry and the formulation of lubricants. Lubricant selection is a pivotal starting point in the pursuit of precision lubrication practices. Dry lubricants selection guide steel stainless steel copper alloys aluminium alloys low carbon high carbon alu clad galvanized mech. Astm international does not endorse any products represented in this publication. Keep in mind that the specifications as well as the database of lubricants and lubrication points must be updated whenever there is an equipment change or new product option. Selection of lubricant using combined multiple attribute decision making 41 or a number of machining process output variables and these output parameters are studied with respect to the lubricant properties and characteristics. Guidelines for selecting lubri cants for plain and element bearings, gears and. A gear drive manufacturer could not possibly consider each and every type of application for a given make and model when it begins the design process. All the effort applied to clean delivery and handling, filtra tion, dehydration, alignment, balancing, etc. This chapter discusses the selection of the lubricant type, properties of mineral oils, choice of base oil, greases, solid lubricants, and gas lubrication. In order to achieve and maintain this balance, lubricant. Milhdbk267a not 1 guide for selection of lubricants and hydraulic fluids for use in shipboard equipment.
This document discusses the types, causes and counter measures of degradation of large engine lubricants during service. Penetrating lubricants are the saviors of many stuckbolt combatants, loosening years of rust and debris in minutes. The basics of industrial lubricant selection reliability. Introduction proper selection of a lubricant depends on understanding the lubricating regime i. Reason for use of specialized materials temperature extremes too much heat, too much cold pressure extremes too much load, inadequate surface area, inadequate surface speed environmental extremes moisture, particulate, corrosive gases, high vacuum process. Designers can build best practices notebook lubricant selection. If the product selector tool indicates both mineral and synthetic lubricants are acceptable for the application, synthetic lubricants will generally offer. A manufacturers recommendation is a great starting point, but it doesnt have to be the only option. Obtain effective oil analysis with precision oil sampling and learn how to get datarich oil samples, where to install oil sampling ports. A practical guide to lubricant selection materials engineering practice by a. Get a comprehensive overview of lubricant technology and its use in formulating new lubricants. Uncover the secrets of lubricant selection and understand the importance of lubricant properties and strategies for selecting the correct lubricant for each machine application. The selection of cutting fluids is carried out according to factors mentioned below 5, 10, 14. Viscosity index improvers extreme pressure additives.
Selection of viscosity, therefore, becomes one of many variables the researcher must examine. Use the mobilbranded refrigeration lubricant selection guide to identify potential mobilbranded refrigeration lubricant s for the application information con. The author provides guidance to lubrication practice in industry, with the emphasis on practical application. To ensure adequate lubricant supply, positive feed systems have been developed to meter and control the flow of lubricant to the contact areas 10. Any shadetree mechanic would agree that these types of lubricants deserve their own special section. He covers the appropriate selection of lubricants for a wide range of uses and the factors that determine their suitability. For more information on all mobil industrial lubricants and services, contact your local company representative or visit. Lubricant service designations for automotive manual. Lubricants and lubrication from the well to the applications. Lubrication, a practical guide to lubricant selection. He also noted that as the shaft gained velocity, the liquid flowed between the two surfaces at a greater rate. Not only do industrial lubricants come in many varieties and formulations.
Milhdbk275a guide for selection of lubricants, fluids, and compounds for use in flight vehicles and components. When selecting the correct lubricant for an application, design engineers should discuss application details with their lubrication supplier at the earliest opportunity. In conclusion, lubricant specifications are effective guidelines for selecting and using the right lubricants in. A practical guide to lubricant selection provides a guide to modern lubrication practice in industry, with emphasis on practical application, selection of lubricants, and significant factors that determine suitability of a lubricant for a specific application. Lubrication and lubricant selection, third edition. Gaining a basic understanding of lubrication types and failure modes can help designers narrow down the best oil or grease for the job and help end users avoid costly equipment downtime and repairs. This, because the lubricant is viscous, produces a liquid pressure in the lubricant wedge that is sufficient to keep the two surfaces separated. Further, selection of a lubricant for a particular application on board a ship is quite different from the selection of a lubricant for a similar shore based application because in the former case.
This article addresses the nature of oil film formation and properties of fluid oil lubricants that are important to the selection process. The book provides guidance to lubrication practice in industry, with the emphasis on practical application. Lubricant selection was typically based on experience and knowledge. Find all the books, read about the author, and more. Chapter lubricant specifications and selection pdh online. Study material includes the selection of lubricants, their specific place of application. Today, this approach is no longer viable due to the requirements of the current demanding environments to. Remember, the purpose of speed reducer lubrication is to minimize frictional forces, eliminate wear and.
Tribology the study of friction, lubrication and wear has become the basis for selecting lubricants. The citgo family of premiumquality engine oils are designed to provide optimum performance in. Grease for initial installation for a complete grease selection please contact our engineering department with the bearing number, operating speed rpm and surrounding temperature. When synthetic oil is selected, it is generally to provide. Todays lubricants must satisfy extreme requirements that are specific to each application. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. This handbook establishes design guides for selection of lubricant fluids and compounds which conform to approved specifications and includes descriptive information relative to shipboard equipment applications, and limitations of the lubricants. Lubricants and lubrication from the well to the applications by neville w. Lubrication and lubricant selection provides engineers with guidance to lubrication practice in industry. Greases, solid film lubricants and additives will be ad. The importance of proper lubrication is increased because of the greater loads and pressures imposed on present day mobile heavy equipment. The society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions expressed in this publication.
Most manuals are written for ideal conditions, but these. Part ii will focus on the correct grease for the application and some of the key criteria in the selection process, including compatibility, amount to be added and relubrication frequency. Greases, solid film lubricants and additives will be addressed in a later article. Also, the selection of the type and grade of lubricant to be used should be based on the relevant engine operating conditions and service conditions. If a customized formulation is required, specialty lubricant manufacturers such as magnalube inc. The emphasis is on practical applications, and to this end there is specific guidance to the selection of lubricants for a. The lubricants and lubrication mechanical maintenance online course covers a complete lubrication training program, including functions and characteristics of lubricants, factors in selection of lubricants, and effects of additives. He covers the appropriate selection of lubricants for a wide range of uses and the factors that. However, the nature of the lubricated surface may very well dictate the required viscosity. Most manuals are written for ideal conditions, but these guidelines dont address the real environment in which the equipment is being used. In addition, a few of them need to master lubricant selection and management criteria in order to develop reliabilitycentered lubrication practices. Lubrication and lubricant selection, third edition asme. There are several factors to consider when selecting the right industrial lubricant.
Choosing the right lubricant beyond reducing friction between moving surfaces, lubricants. Refrigeration lubricant selection for industrial systems. Lubrication and lubricant selection download ebook pdf. Lansdown table of contents overview fully revised and updated, this third edition provides a current guide to lubrication practice in industry. Skf has developed several tools in order to facilitate the selection of the most suitable lubricant. A selection of lubricants for maritime and offshore applications. Depending on the application, different base oils and the compatible additives are selected. Citgo synthetic gear lubricants are heavy duty, synthetic gear and bearing lubricants designed.
Effective lubricant selection must strike a balance between quality, application and affordability. Oils, greases, and other compounds used for lubrication are described, as well as their applications. R22 is an hcfc refrigerant and is still a wide use today. Click download or read online button to get lubrication and lubricant selection book now. Greases, solid film lubricants and additives will be ad dressed in a later. All the effort applied to clean delivery and handling, fil tration, dehydration, alignment, balancing, etc. Factors determining the suitability of a lubricant for a particular purpose are described and explained. Selecting the right viscosity oil is critical to preventing surfacetosurface contact. Lubricant selection is the starting point for precision lubrication practices. In order to achieve and maintain this balance, lubricant specifications should be created to serve as a guideline for what to purchase and how to use it.